Food Consumption Patterns and Their Association with Body Mass Index Among Medical Students Residing in Hostels and Private Accommodations

Abstract

Background: Medical students frequently face rigorous academic schedules and lifestyle constraints that impact their dietary habits and nutritional status. Variations in living arrangements, particularly between hostel residences and private accommodations, can further influence food choices and overall energy intake. These factors may significantly affect body mass index (BMI) and long-term health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate food consumption patterns and their association with BMI among medical students in different residential settings.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Lahore Medical and Dental College, Pakistan, from August to October 2024. Utilizing convenience sampling, 115 fourth- and final-year MBBS students participated. Data were gathered using a structured self-reported questionnaire, covering background information, food consumption patterns, and anthropometric measurements. BMI was categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: The majority of participants (65.2%) were aged 23-24 years, with 57.4% males and 42.6% females. Most students (80.9%) resided in hostels. Normal BMI was recorded in 69.6% of students, while 28.7% were classified as overweight or obese. Significant dissatisfaction was noted concerning food variety and cleanliness of dining areas. Social factors significantly influenced eating behaviours, particularly among hostel residents.

Conclusion: A significant relationship exists between food consumption patterns and BMI among medical students. Dissatisfaction with hostel food quality may lead to unhealthy eating habits. Interventions should focus on improving food quality and promoting nutritional education, healthy food access, and physical activity.