Evaluation of Knowledge-Management Practices and Their Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Female Anemic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Anemia, characterized by reduced hemoglobin levels, impairs the body's capacity for efficient oxygen transport to tissues. As a chronic condition, its persistence is exacerbated by limited patient knowledge and suboptimal self-management, ultimately compromising Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). This study aimed to assess anemia-related knowledge, management practices, and their impact on HRQoL among female anemic patients to inform strategies for improved clinical outcomes.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Niazi Medical Complex, Sargodha, utilizing a pre-validated questionnaire alongside the 20-item Short Form Survey (SF-20). Sample size was determined using the Cochran formula, assuming a 31% prevalence and a 95% confidence interval. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests to explore relationships and differences among variables, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05, using SPSS version 26.

Results: The majority of participants (59.1%) were aged 16–25 years. Overall, 61.3% (n=223) demonstrated poor knowledge, and 87.9% (n=320) exhibited inadequate management practices. Higher education was significantly associated with better knowledge and practices (p=0.001), while urban residency correlated positively with both (p<0.05). Pearson analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice scores (r=0.437, p=0.001), suggesting that enhanced knowledge facilitates adoption of better disease management. Furthermore, practice scores were strongly associated with HRQoL outcomes (p<0.05), indicating that appropriate practices improve quality of life. Conversely, knowledge showed no direct significant association with HRQoL.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the critical role of education in shaping awareness and health behaviors. Strengthening targeted health education interventions is imperative to improve anemia management and enhance the overall well-being of females in Pakistan.